ROBERTO D'ALTAVILLA LEADER

Robert de Hauteville, called Guiscard (the Smart), in Latin Robertus Guiscardus or Viscardus (Hauteville-la-Guichard, in 1025 about - Kefalonia, July 17, 1085), was a Norman leader.

Sixth son of Tancredi (Earl of Hauteville-la-Guichard) and the first of his second wife Fresenda (or Fressenda), became count of Apulia and Calabria to the death of his brother Humphrey (1057). Later (1059) he was invested by Pope Nicholas II the title of Duke of Apulia, Calabria and Sicily.

Robert Guiscard also appears in the Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri: the great poet imagines to see the spirit of Norman in the Heaven of Mars, along with other famous crusaders.

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